Massey Commission Report Free Essays

The Street Lawyer

RUNNING HEAD: THE STREET LAWYER The Street Lawyer Social Work 3040-01I Apr. 30, 2008 SUMMARY John Grisham’s The Street Lawyer recounts to the narrative of Michael Brock a wedded well off lawyer who has everything. Michael, an alum of Yale University, works at Drake and Sweeny, one of the top and all around regarded firms in Washington D. C. While there he is bringing in the cash and surging constantly to the highest point of Drake and Sweeny. He is just one stage away from an early organization. Until one stormy winter evening at Drake and Sweeny. A furious vagrant who just needs to be called â€Å"Mister† holds Michael and eight different legal counselors prisoner in an office at Drake and Sweeny. â€Å"Mister† requests the expense records be brought to him. After the assessment records show up he arranges Michael to mention to him what every attorney incorporating Michael has made in income for the year and the amount of their cash is given to noble cause and the destitute. Following a few hours the prisoner remain off is over leaving limited dead and another reawakened. Mister† is shot in the head by an expert sharpshooter police officer as he opens the workplace entryway to get the soup he needs conveyed from a nearby asylum. â€Å"Mister’s† blood and organic liquids spread Michael’s whole face since he is standing straightforwardly behind him. The police escort Michael to a little rec center in the structure where specialists inspect him and he can shower. After his shower Michael gets back. The following morning he comes back to work at Drake and Sweeny. Subsequent to perusing an article in the Post he gets familiar with â€Å"Mister† whose genuine name is DeVon Hardy. Subsequent to visiting Mordecia Green the executive of the fourteenth Street Legal Clinic, where â€Å"Mister† was a customer, Michael starts to reconsider his profession as an enemy of trust legal counselor for Drake and Sweeny and his life too. Leaving Drake and Sweeny to turn into a road legal counselor would have significant effect on his home life and marriage also. In the wake of telling his better half he will accept a position with less cash and no advantages the couple independent and in the long run petition for legal separation. Michael moves to a littler loft on the harsh side of Washington D. C. nd starts working at the fourteenth Street Legal Law Clinic with Mordeci Green. While working there Michael is harboring a dull mystery: a secret document. A secret record from the law workplaces of Drake and Sweeny which contains data about the illicit removal of â€Å"Misterâ€Å" and the different vagrants. Presently Drake and Sweeny realize their record is missing an d need it returned promptly regardless. Regardless of whether it implies Michael losing his permit to provide legal counsel. His previous accomplices have become his adversaries and Michael is currently the most risky man in the city of Washington D. C. Assessment Populations in danger are the destitute in John Grisham’s The Street Lawyer and the condition what they live in are viewed as the social condition. Populaces in danger are characterized as populaces or gatherings of individuals who share some recognizable qualities that places them at more serious danger of social and financial hardship and persecution than the general standard of society. The social condition includes the conditions, conditions, and human connections that envelops individuals. Individuals are needy upon successful collaborations with their condition so as to endure and flourish. The social condition incorporates the real physical setting that society gives. This includes the sort of home an individual lives in, the kind of work that is done, the measure of cash accessible, and the laws and social standards by which individuals live. â€Å"Mister† and the different destitute who were unlawful removed from their improvised lofts are to viewed as individuals from a social situation. Regarding the social condition the genuine physical setting that society gave to the destitute were destitute sanctuaries. Be that as it may, when the destitute asylums don't start to taken in fringes since they are packed the destitute are constrained into the lanes in order to find a sheltered and warm spot to remain for the evening. Resting on park seats and stopgap stockrooms are the main methods for cover accessible to them. Regardless of whether they are working at an occupation the wages are normally insufficient to give sufficient sanctuary. Society will in general censure the destitute for their decision of life and for being destitute. Be that as it may, now and again it not the issue of the destitute but rather the flaw of the legislature. For instance a working white collar class family loses their home to abandonment in view of lay-offs and spending eliminates at their positions. With being laid off both lose their annuity and advantages that joined their occupations. Regardless of whether the two guardians would secure another position paying the lowest pay permitted by law it would not be sufficient to pay the $1000. 00 month to month contract and different costs. In this way, those people can't be held to blame for turning out to be destitute the issue lies with the spending cuts made by the government to their employments. At different occasions the issue lies with the individual themselves for getting destitute. For instance a lady fills in as a medical attendant in an emergency clinic gets dependent on physician recommended medicates and is later terminated from her activity as a result of taking the professionally prescribed medications to which is dependent on. Since the physician recommended drugs are not, at this point accessible to her she gets dependent on split/cocaine since it is open to her. She petitions for joblessness until she can secure another position however her joblessness checks are going to help her propensity as opposed to paying her month to month lease. She is ousted and tossed into the avenues where and starts prostitution to help her propensity. Accepting a â€Å"fix† has become her fundamental need throughout everyday life. In that specific circumstance the individual is the fault for their decision to get destitute. ELUDICATION John Grisham’s characters Michael Brock and Mordecia Green worked as lawyers for the destitute as well as social specialists as well. All through The Street Lawyer Michael and Mordecia advised every person to increase an information on what their lives were before they got destitute and why they have gotten destitute. Most legal counselors would not take the time see whether their customer had a spot to rest or food to eat the prior night. Numerous attorneys would not offer their administrations gratis. Michael and Mordecia functioned as legal counselors just as social specialists. Every day Michael and Mordecia headed out to a neighborhood destitute haven to talk with potential customers and help them with whatever they required. The vast majority of their customers were commonly vagrants or people who were laid off from their activity as of late. The two helped these people round out government structures, get requests for employment, and now and then a recovery place for the individuals who were dependent on medications and liquor. Now and again a few customers would not have benefited from outside assistance yet Michael and Mordecia gave their guiding help as a methods for help. A few people just required some to converse with about what was happening in their life around then. He needs his perusers to see the likenesses between social laborers and lawyers. His models with Michael and Mordecia with their customers express key components in the profession of a social specialist. Assessment/CONCLUSION The Street Lawyer by John Grisham passes on its perusers to the obscure universe of vagrancy and the reason. He needs his perusers to see the barbarous clouded side of humankind and how society sees vagrancy. By having the story occur in Washington D. C. , the legislative center of the United States, a spot where many would not accept split houses are a street or two away from the White House. Vagrants, men, and youngsters are compelled to look for cover anyplace when all the safe houses in the city are full. These equivalent individuals are normally survivors of cutbacks and spending cuts by Congress. Grisham needs his perusers to see the truth of vagrancy and that it can transpire. One’s entire point of view on their life can change in an occurrence in light of one individual or many. He gives exhaustive models all through his book about the day and life of a vagrant and their family. The battles they face everyday not knowing whether the individual in question will have something to eat or a spot to rest by dusk. He adds to the investigation of social work by having his principle characters go about as advocates to the destitute, business organizations and area of recoveries for the individuals who are dependent on medications and liquor. The Street Lawyer is a learning instrument in the realm of social work for the individuals who need to increase a superior comprehension of what a social laborer does on a day by day bases. One who appreciates helping other people and having any kind of effect in somebody else’s life will appreciate perusing this book. Subsequent to perusing this book I currently have a superior comprehension of vagrancy and I will inevitably utilize this book as learning device while advancing my instruction in the investigation of social work. â€Å"

Renting When Your Credit Score Wont Vouch for You

Renting When Your Credit Score Won’t Vouch for You Renting When Your Credit Score Won’t Vouch for You Renting When Your Credit Score Won’t Vouch for YouYou have low credit, but need a place to live. What else can you do to lock in a lease?Everybody needs a place to live, but unfortunately, low credit scores make potential landlords nervous.Some landlords may feel a low credit score is an indication the tenant is more likely to lapse on rent. If you fall into this camp, it might make it hard to find a place to rent if landlords keep passing on your application for someone else’s with a better credit score.Luckily, there are ways to find a great place to rent regardless of your score. If you’re currently struggling with a low score, follow these tips for negotiating with the landlord.Be upfront and communicateIt’s best your potential landlord is not taken by surprise when they run your credit report. When you file your application, be upfront about your credit score and why it is low. After all, not every credit score is low because of missed payments. Maybe you divorced recent ly; maybe you were sick, and have medical debt; maybe you fell victim to a predatory payday loan or title loan and took a dent in your score. You should also discuss your current plan for addressing your credit score and keeping up with future payments. Maybe you recently lost your job, but you’ve found another one, so your credit score will go back up, or maybe you’ve formulated a payment plan. Let them know.If you have proof of reliable income, or an impressive savings account balance, now is the time to show proof of that in order to demonstrate you will have the funds available to cut a rent check every month.Communicating with your potential landlord during the beginning of the application process will make you seem responsible and aware. This will give them more reassurance that you will be a great tenant who reliably makes on-time payments. Discussing your situation will provide more information to help them decide whether to make an exception to their credit score rules and rent to you.Ask a reference to vouch for youYour past landlords â€" if they have high opinions of you â€" will be able to reassure your future landlords that they have nothing to worry about by renting to you. When discussing your low credit score, include the phone number of at least one person who will be able to share that you’ve kept up with payments in the past. Also ask your references to vouch for your character â€" they can let future landlords know that you take good care of the house, are clean and respectful, and are a great tenant.References will help landlords get that whole-picture view of what kind of tenant you are and make it more likely to view you as a great tenant.Find a roommate or guarantor with better creditIf you’re renting a two-bedroom, see if you can find a roommate to sign the lease who has better credit than you. Seeing that one person on the lease has a good credit history will provide the potential landlord with extra reassurance the rent will get paid on time.Getting a co-signing guarantor is also a great idea, especially if you plan to rent alone. A guarantor is someone who the landlord can legally hold accountable for rent, even if they aren’t necessarily living with you. Ask someone who trusts you to back up your lease with their great credit score by taking on the guarantor role. This is an especially common move for those who are young or renting for the first time and have no credit history at all.There are also companies that offer co-signing a lease as a service, but do your research before working with one. Not every such company will be legitimate.Offer a larger security depositSome landlords already have set policies that say they will charge higher security deposits to tenants with lower credit scores. You can get ahead of the game and help reassure your landlord by going ahead and offering a larger security deposit that is 50% more than or double the normal deposit.A higher security deposit ensures that th e landlord is going into the transaction with less risk â€" if you end up not being able to pay rent, then they can absorb the security deposit to make up for any lost profits or cash.If you can save up even more, consider paying several months’ rent at once.Seek rentals that don’t require credit checksBelieve it or not, not every potential landlord will perform a credit check. Just as there are no-credit-check loans, there are also no-credit-check landlords. If you do your research, you might be able to find such a landlord in your area.Landlords who are most likely to take a chance on a tenant without a credit check are individual or small-time local landlords. Faceless property management organizations with hundreds of properties are more likely to rely on black-and-white policies to choose tenants â€"meaning they might choose to turn you down for having a low credit score no matter how awesome you are otherwise.Finding landlords who don’t mind low credit scores or not chec king credit at all can be done by:Asking your friends for recommendationsSubmitting a post with your housing requirements in neighborhood groups on Facebook or NextdoorDriving through neighborhoods in search of “for rent” signsLooking in areas with less competitive rental markets. Landlords might be more likely to take low credit score renters if they have fewer tenant options.Looking on listing sites like Craigslist and Zillow (Be sure to avoid rental scams for this one. Sometimes scammers will post fake properties aiming at low-income or poor-credit tenants in order to steal information.)Remember: Its not all about creditGreat credit scores are not the only things that landlords look for in a tenant. They look at the whole picture of an individual’s character. If you’re struggling a little financially, but you have no criminal history and you’re communicative and respectful, then a landlord might just give you a chance.With these tools and tips in arm, you’re ready to face the world of home rental â€" no matter what your credit score may be. Good luck!Struggling with other rent-related questions? Check out these articles for those who are either renters or looking for someone to take on a lease:How to Vet Potential RentersLate on Rent? Here’s What You Should (and Shouldn’t) DoThe Renter’s Dilemma

The Communist Manifesto in The Catcher in the Rye by J.D...

In the novel, The Catcher in the Rye, J.D Salinger depicts a narration of Holden Caulfield’s encounters. Holden is portrayed as a high school student that is judgmental towards adults while kinder to the youth. Holden does not want to grow up and he thinks that if one is approaching adulthood, one will turn into a phony. Holden’s leniency towards younger people, such as his sister, is because of his dilemma of growing up or not, his distaste for adult phonies, and his own childhood. Holden’s dislike for adult phonies causes him to not want to enter adulthood. Holden fears that if he enters adulthood, he will become a phony, which he loathes. While Holden is listening to Mr. Spencer’s lecture, his mind wanders: â€Å"If a boy’s mother was sort†¦show more content†¦Throughout the entire book, Holden perceives many adults as â€Å"phonies†. Holden is reluctant to enter adulthood because he cherishes his childhood. Through the course of the book, Holden unknowingly symbolizes the ducks in the Central park pond as the two worlds, adulthood and childhood. Holden remarks, â€Å"I was wondering where the ducks went when the lagoon got all icy and frozen over. I wondered if some guy came in a truck and took them away to a zoo or something,† he continues, â€Å"Or if they just flew away† (13). Holden is unsure whether or not to enter adulthood. When Holden is writing the essay for Ackley and chooses the topic of his death brother, Allie, Holden describes his fondness of Allie: â€Å"God, he was a nice kid though† (38). Holden treasures his childhood since his brother was part of it. Holden does not want to enter adulthood because he reminisces his childhood. Holden is affectionate towards his sister and other children in his attempt to save them from adulthood. When Phoebe puts on the red hunting hat on Holden, J.D Salinger emphasizes Holden’s affection towards his sister: â€Å"Then what she did—it damn near killed me—she reached in my coat pocket and took out my red hunting hat and put it on my head† (212). Holden must really care for his sister since it â€Å"damn near killed him†. This is the closest that Holden has gotten to truly expressing his feelings. When Holden asks a girl in the park where Phoebe would be,

Karl Marx And Emile Durkheim - 1149 Words

Is Society dynamic, constantly shaped and distorted by opposing forces or is it a body that conglomerates and stays intact on grounds of shared ideas and beliefs? Is society created by class conflicts or by religious teachings? Karl Marx and Emile Durkheim opine in a polarizing fashion on the framework and functioning of a society; one asserts that conflict shapes society, the other argues that society is a product cohesion due to the presence of the quintessential social fact, religion. Religion fosters a collective conscious on grounds of shared beliefs and values, argues Durkheim. Marx, on the other hand, claims that social classes and the conflict between them shape the society. These ostensibly opposite ideologies – the battle between conflict and coercion – meet at a nexus, however. For Marx’s class warfare to occur, for one class to oppose and overthrow another, a certain social cohesion, a collective consciousness ought to occur in the rebelling group, an d a sense of solidarity in a micro level, perhaps something similar to religion i.e. Communism materializes and unites the working class to revolt against the Bourgeois. Hence, in Marx’s world, coercion creates conflict for the ultimate catastrophe. Religion binds it all in a society, asserts Durkheim. From developing the morality of the society to creating a refuge, the quintessential social fact of religion forms society. Because of adhesive nature of religion, its influence, shared ideas and virtues that bringShow MoreRelatedEmile Durkheim And Karl Marx Essay1709 Words   |  7 Pages(Bratton Denham, 2014). Two of the main sociological theorists, Karl Marx and Emile Durkheim, had different understandings of the notion about the division of labor. This topic has been contested and debated by many theorists but this paper is going to focus on how Emile Durkheim and Karl Marx views this topic. Karl Marx views the division of labor as a process that alienates the individual from their work (Llorente, 2006). Marx also views the division of labor as a way for the capitalist bourgeoisieRead MoreEmile Durkheim And Karl Marx746 Words   |  3 PagesEmile Durkheim and Karl Marx are considered the founding fathers of sociology. Both men had an influence on the development of sociology. Marx and Durkheim differed in their idea of what alienation consisted of. For Marx, the issue was class conflict. While, for Durkheim, it was a disordered society trying to adapt. Although they both had different concepts of alienation, both men believed that alienation lead to a man’s disconnectedness with society and their natural state of mind. Durkheim andRead MoreKarl Marx And Emile Durkheim Essay1976 Words   |  8 Pages Writing in the late 19th and early 20th century, during a drastic period of change, Karl Marx and Emile Durkheim, two of sociology’s most renowned thinkers, challenged multiple facets of the capitalist social structures in which they fou nd themselves. Marx, a conflict theorist, and Durkheim, a functionalist, sought to analyze and explain capitalist society. In this brief analysis, their theories regarding the will be compared, contrasted, and critically engaged with - highlighting the differencesRead MoreKarl Marx And Emile Durkheim1316 Words   |  6 Pagessurvive. However, all of that had changed when Capitalism and industrialization have been introduced to the world. Karl Marx and Emile Durkheim had different views on what the important aspects are that made up â€Å"modern† society. To Marx, the conflict between the classes and the division of labour caused social structures, which, as a result, caused alienation, which, according to Marx, are important aspects of modern society. With Capitalism came along industrialization, which required workers andRead MoreEmile Durkheim vs. Karl Marx1689 Words   |  7 Pages------------------------------------------------- Emile Durkheim vs. Karl Marx Durkheim vs. Marx Introduction: For so many years, authorities from each field have deliberated normative theories to explain what holds the society together. Almost each specialist, from structural functionalism, positivism and conflict theory perspective, had contributed their works trying to illustrate main problematic to our society. In one way, one of the Emile Durkheim’s famous work is â€Å"division of labor† whichRead MoreEssay on Perspectives of Emile Durkheim and Karl Marx1215 Words   |  5 PagesPerspectives of Emile Durkheim and Karl Marx The seventeenth and eighteenth centuries were full of evolving social and economic ideas. These views of the social structure of urban society came about through the development of ideas taken from the past revolutions. As the Industrial Revolution progressed through out the world, so did the gap between the class structures. The development of a capitalist society was a very favorable goal for the upper class. By using advanced methods of productionRead MoreKarl Marx, Max Weber And Emile Durkheim1447 Words   |  6 Pageswill be a part of culture and society. Karl Marx, Max Weber, and Emile Durkheim are the top three most important figures in sociology; and although each of them viewed religion differently, I strongly believe that they understood its power, and demonstrated its importance to people and societies. As such, I will utilize all three of these great minds, to demonstrate religion as an important and permanent part of culture and society. Let s begin with Karl Marx, and his conflict theory. AccordingRead MoreKarl Marx, Emile Durkheim And Max Weber929 Words   |  4 Pagespeople did not have in the past such as getting food from the grocery store instead of having to find food on our own. Society was originally focused on a single belief, but now our society has expanded and several beliefs are now common. Karl Marx, Emile Durkheim, and Max Weber all have their own observations on social change and order and how certain things dramatically affect the outcome of a society. Marx’s view on social change is influenced by the class struggle that involved the rulingRead MoreComparison Between Karl Marx And Emile Durkheim1501 Words   |  7 Pagesurban theorists as found in Chapter 1 of the course text. (300-400 words) The two theorists i’ve decided to compare and contrast are Karl Marx and Emile Durkheim. Firstly i’ll compare them to one another. From all the readings I did and past education on these individuals I found they have a lot of the same views in regards to religion. Both Emlie Durkheim and Karl Marx believe that religion is a projection of mans hopes and desires. They both also agree that religion plays a powerful role in influencingRead MoreEmile Durkheim, Karl Marx And Max Weber1827 Words   |  8 Pages Emile Durkheim, Karl Marx and Max Weber are considered to be three canon social theorists who laid the foundation of sociology and contributed, in detailed accounts, the fundamentals of study of society. Each theorist belongs to a different school of thought and presents separate theories on how societies work. While there are bits and parts that might seem similar in each theorist’s social theory, each theorist largely differs from each other. Durkheim, Marx and Weber, among other things, also

Hispanic Culture Free Essays

Eemah Pizza Mrs. Katherine Miracle Introduction to Public Speaking 18 February 2013 Outline for Speech The Hispanic Culture influencing The American Culture Specific Purpose: I want my audience to have a better knowledge of The Hispanic Culture; how it differs from The American Culture and influences it as well. Thesis: While Hispanics may not seem important to society, Americans should learn about their culture. We will write a custom essay sample on Hispanic Culture or any similar topic only for you Order Now Introduction Attention Getting Device: * â€Å"Strangers in a new culture see only what they know. † -Unknown Credibility: I came here when I was seven years old and all I really knew about the United States was that everyone is a â€Å"gringo/a† (white boy/girl). Americans are only white, with blonde hair and blue eyes. Those thoughts took a U-turn when I arrived at JFK Airport in New York City, New York. Then I thought to myself as well if they had a stereotype for Hispanics. Eventually, I did encounter stereotypes, consisting of: â€Å"You’re Mexican; you eat tacos; you’re illegal. † * Thesis: Even though Hispanics may not seem important, Americans should learn about the Hispanic culture. Preview: The Hispanic culture influences the American culture in many ways. The largest minority in the United Stated is made up of Hispanics. And being able to speak Spanish fluently opens many doors and helps a person understand the culture better. Body I. Americans learning about the main concerns in the Hispanic Culture A. From a young age, Hispanic kids are taught good manners, respec t, and that family is the foundation of everything. Family is the number one priority in the Hispanic culture. 1. According to Ohioline. osu. edu† Traditionally, the Hispanic family is a close-knit group and the most important social unit. The term familia usually goes beyond the nuclear family. The Hispanic â€Å"family unit† includes not only parents and children but also extended family. In most Hispanic families, the father is the head of the family, and the mother is responsible for the home. Individuals within a family have a moral responsibility to aid other members of the family experiencing financial problems, unemployment, poor health conditions, and other life issues. â€Å" 2. Hispanics are very dependent on Family and spending time together is a major factor. a. If a Hispanic person travels, or moves to another city/town and they have family members that live there as well, it is very common for that person to stay there with that family and/or live with them. b. Spending time together, which is very often, is a valuable part of a Hispanic family (birthday, holidays, graduations, weddings, etc†¦). [Transition: Hispanics want what’s best for their family even if it means migrating to another country and becoming the largest minority for that country. Spanish, Hispanics native language, has become a worldwide known language. In my second main point, this will be explained in further detail. II. Hispanics are the largest minority in U. S. and being able to speak Spanish fluently opens many doors for people. A. According to the University of Illinois. â€Å"Spanish is spoken by more than 500 million people worldwide; half of the population in the western hemisphere speaks Spanish† 1. The United States has shown over the past 3 0 years a huge growth in the Hispanic population; U. S. population is made up of 11% of Hispanics and it has become the largest minority in the U. S. a. According to the U. S. Census, the number of Hispanics in the U. S. grew by 57. 9% between 1990 and 2000. b. California, Texas, New York, and Florida are the states that have a high percentage of Hispanics. c. 28 million people in The United States speak Spanish. d. 31 million individuals are identified as Hispanics. [Transition: As more Hispanics come to The United States, the impact they have in the culture is seen through all types of media. That is why it’s important to know how The Hispanic Culture influences The American Culture. III. The most important reason why Americans should learn about The Hispanic culture is because The Hispanic culture influences The American culture. 1. The Hispanic population has grown rapidly in the 21st century. This means that Hispanics have influenced The American Culture throughout their presence in The United States. How? From politics to business, art, music, film, and FOOD! a. In the 2012 Presidential Election, President Barack Obama had the votes of 71% of Hispanics, according to pewhispanics. org. b. You ask â€Å"who is Lupe De Los Santos? † Group Manger, The Clorox Company; Helped create the shows: â€Å"The Biggest Loser† â€Å"Dale Con Ganas† c. Two other areas that Hispanics have succeeded are through films and music. Jennifer Lopez, Pitbull, Enrique Iglesias, and Selena have all added a unique flavor to the music industry. In the film industry there are more Hispanic actors/actresses for example America Ferrera, Antonio Banderas, Salma Hayek, Zoe Saldana and George Lopez. d. Food is vital to a Hispanic family. It’s what brings everyone together after a long day of school, work, etc†¦ Home cooked warm delicious meals that are made out of love and touch the soul. Now in the American culture, people see more Mexican restaurants, more Hispanic spices, etc†¦ According to DonQuijote. org â€Å"In the business world, the businesses whose owners are Latin Americans have been growing three times faster than others, generating 2 billion dollars a year. Some of these companies include: Latinvox, Ron Bacardi, Goya Foods, Tampico Beverages Inc. or Univision Radio. † As you can see, there is a lot to learn about the Hispanic culture. There are a lot of influences that both cultures have on each other. But most importantly, Hispanics are the second largest minority group in the United States and speaking fluent Spanish will open many doors for a lot of people. Learning the language makes it easier to understand the beautiful culture. * â€Å"We could learn a lot from crayons. Some are sharp, some are pretty, some are dull, some have weird names, and all are different colors. But, they all fit nicely into the same box. † -Unknown Work Cited Hispanic Americans: The Second Generation. N. d. Web. http://ezproxy. uakron. edu:2233/PortalViewVideo. aspx? xtid=7992. â€Å"Latin American Influence in the USA. † DonQuijote. N. p. , n. d. Web. 18 Feb. 2013. â€Å"Ohio State University Fact Sheet. † Understanding the Hispanic Culture, HYG-5237-00. N. p. , n. d. Web. 18 Feb. 2013. http://ohioline. osu. edu/hyg-fact/5000/5237. html. Wadham, Tim. â€Å"A TASTE OF Latino Culture. † School Library Journal 3p 58. 9 (2012): 55-56. Print. How to cite Hispanic Culture, Papers Hispanic Culture Free Essays Since 1970, United States of America has seen a considerable amount of immigration because of economic chaos and civil wars in Latin American countries. The fight between the government of El Salvador and leftist guerrillas in 1980 brought about 500,000 immigrants to United States. They settled primarily in California, Florida, Massachusetts, and Washington, D. We will write a custom essay sample on Hispanic Culture or any similar topic only for you Order Now C. The civil war in Nicaragua in the year 1980 drove an estimated 800,000 Nicaraguan immigrants to the United States Mexican Americans are the most prevalent Hispanic group within the United States. Their history can be dated to four centuries within America, contrasting in different regions. In States like California, Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, and Nevada have great amounts of Mexican Americans. (Mexican Americans, 2007). Most of Mexican Americans residing in the United states converse in their own native language. Spanish is usually the solitary language that they use . But english is the universally unrestricted language in the general community. As many generations have passed, a new verbal communication has emerged, called Spanglish, which is a blend of both Spanish and American. America has always been harsh on Mexican Americans. Mexican Americans had a hard time elevating their financial and social status in this country, as they were judged by the color of their skin. The Chicano Movement changed the lives of Mexican Americans’ in the United States. This movement secured these people in the economy with civil rights and economic opportunity. Significant number of Mexican Americans are Roman Catholic. Their religious beliefs influence their perceptions on various aspects of their life, including view on sex, education, and politics. Puerto Ricans are the second largest groups of Hispanics . they reside in large numbers in New Jersey and New York. Puerto Ricans are not considered foreign immigrants, since they are technically American citizens (Puerto Rican, 2008). Puerto Ricans do not have a â€Å"proper language†. They use Castilian Spanish. They differ from other Spanish-speaking groups in the way the pronounce. These people are generally racially and ethnically diverse, and recognize racial variance amongst themselves. They generally call themselves as â€Å"Negro†. Most Puerto Ricans are eligible for benefits in America, since Puerto Rico is a United States commonwealth. But many feel that as they are eligible for benefits in welfare programs, it keeps them within a cycle of poverty. The general population that is not benefited tend to work in the industries around New York and New Jersey. Puerto Ricans are generally Roman Catholic. However, in recent years, it is reported that only 70% of the people consider themselves Catholic, while the majority of the remaining group consider themselves as Protestant. Traditionally, fathers and husbands are seen as the head of the households. Sons take the responsibility of taking care of the â€Å"womenfolk†, specially their younger sisters. They generally have extended families. Cuban Americans are the third largest group of Hispanics within the United States. Most of the Cuban Americans were originally born in Cuba, but moved to United states as a result of Fidel Castro’s communist dictatorship (Cuban Americans, 2008). The older generations of the society continue to carry on their prominent language of Cuban, but it is the younger generations who have started to choose a different path. The new generation prefers to communicate in English than Cuban. Large communities of Cuban Americans can be found in New York City, northern New Jersey, Los Angeles and southern Florida. Most Cuban Americans are successful in these communities, because they back others who share their cultural backgrounds. The new generation are redefining themselves as the older generations are passing away; some seeking identify from their culture, while many others distance themselves from their ethnicity backgrounds. It has been found that out of every 14 Cuban Americans in Southern Florida having entrepreneurial business these people have the highest entrepreneurial rate among all other Hispanic groups. Many Cuban Americans live in little communities of Cuban descent. So they don’t feel the necessity to go out of their community. Thus, a higher rate of business ownership exists. Cuban Americans had a vigorous role in redefining the American Political scene. Most of the Cubans are against Fidel Castro’s Communist government. So any movements or policies that are against his government are supported highly amongst the Cuban American communities. Also any Cuban-related policies within the legislation of the United States are significantly influenced by Cuban Americans (Roots of, 2008). Most of the Cubans are generally Roman Catholics; however this trend has been greatly modified to â€Å"syncretism† by a huge amount of support since Catholicism’s early introduction into Cuban’s history. Most of the Cuban Americans often have extended families, including parents and children, and older relatives (those who are widowed or dependent on others). The chances of intermarriage with individuals out of their ethnicity and culture are very low, as this is against their family value. Dominican Americans form a newer national community in America. They are still in the process of creating a unique atmosphere and place for themselves amongst both the American culture and Hispanic groups (Dominican American, 2008). The official language of Dominican Americans is Spanish. But English is also popularly spoken, and even a French dialect is sometimes heard amongst the Dominican American culture. Most of the Dominicans that come to America face language barriers, alongside with poverty as a major concern. Now a days many Dominican Americans have moved up from a previous immigrant status to a conventional status amongst a common American society. Within the last past few years, the economic status of Dominican Americans has begun to diversify itself, as racial acceptance has become more acceptable. This diversification is amongst different groups of Africans, Hispanics, and American Indians within the Dominican culture. There are no Dominican member in The U. S. House of Representatives although they do exist within the political scene as council members. Dominican Americans have been elected as officials in some other states as well (Buffington, 2008). Most of the Dominican American are Roman Catholics ( a leading statistical amount of 90%). Nonetheless, a small group of Protestants also exist within their communities and culture. But even smaller than this, a small percentag e of African religious beliefs too exist within the society. Cuban Americans in the New York area constitute as much as seven percent of the total population (Schaefer, 2006). Dominican Americans have been making serious steps to the development of their community, and at the same time are increasing their knowledge base so as to be recognized as an important cultural group. The new generations of Dominican Americans are as Dominicans as they are Americans, speaking both languages, English and Spanish. Dominicans have succeeded and have made rapid achievements in all fields of life. (Dr1. com. Dominican Americans). The terms Hispanic or Latino are used to describe people who come from a variety of different countries and cultural settings. These names are given to different ethnic groups when they come to the United States. The four major Hispanic groups – Mexican, Puerto Rican, Cuban, and Dominican Americans have their own separate identity. There are also many similarities that connects them in linguistic, cultural, political, economic, and familial categories. The Spanish language helps to combine them together, though there are some differences in dialect. Roman Catholicism is the major religion followed, but each group also practices Protestantism and other Christian denominations. Puerto Ricans are considered legal citizens of the United States of America. The Mexican Americans and others are still working on to get a legal status. Hispanics in the United States have contributed significantly to its society’s customs and culture for many centuries. These contributions range from politics, public service, military, business, science, organized sports to even the entertainment industry. Their impact on the society can be understood only if we take a closer look. It is quite surprising as many historians have not acknowledged Hispanics’ impact on history, as they are just as intricate within America’s history as any other race or nationality (Contributions of,2008) References Cuban Americans (2008). Wiki. Retrieved January 14, 2009 from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuban_American Mexican Americans (2008). Wiki. Retrieved January 14, 2009 from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexican-Americans Puerto Ricans (2008). Wiki. Retrieved January 14, 2009 from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puerto_Rican Americans of Hispanic Heritage Web site: http://www.neta.com/~1stbooks/dod2.htm (2008) Cuban Americans. Retrieved June 23, 2008, from MSN Encarta Web site: Buffington, S. (2008) Dominican Americans. Retrieved June 23, 2008, from Every Culture Web site: http://www.everyculture.com/multi/Bu-Dr/Dominican-Americans.html How to cite Hispanic Culture, Papers

Year 2000 And Computers Essays - Computing, , Term Papers

Year 2000 And Computers The year 2000 represents more than just an end to the 1900s. For computers worldwide, it can mean major problem. When software for many of the business computers in use today was in development, many programmers tried to save space by programming computers only to deal with years in the 20th century. Today, though, many computer users discover problems anytime they are dealing with a date that falls after the next turn-of-the-century. When calculations involving the year 2000 or after come up on the computer screen, many computers only read 00 and not know the correct date. They malfunction or fail. "The looming prospect of disabled computer systems and paralyzed enterprises around the world makes the year 2000 one of the most critical and universal challenges to ever face the IT industry," the magazine Managing Office Technology reported in December 1997 ( Marcoccio and Matthew, online). Talking of GartnerGroup research, it added, "While the date change crisis has achieved maximum awareness, 30 percent of all companies worldwide have not yet started on any Year 2000 compliancy efforts, and 40 percent have not progressed to a point where they will be certain not to encounter significant mission-critical failures by 2000." Having the most problems are health, care, education, government agencies and small and medium-sized companies (Marcoccio, online, 1999)Large companies seem to be the farthest along, perhaps because they have the greatest resources from which to pull money and help. The leading large company industry is insurance, with financial services trailing just slightly, and banking behind that. Yet many businesses have been hard at work trying to update their source code, sometimes by reprogramming and sometimes by replacing rather than reprogramming software. Sometimes they must replace with a vendor package, retire the application, or even get rid of the entire business prospect. Managing Office Technology said that most enterprises expect to repair at least 40 percent of their applications (Marcoccio and Matthew, online, 1997). The effort is expected to cost nearly a trillion dollars, and some say there aren't enough knowledgeable programmers to fill the demand for these fixes. Upgrading software has become a booming business, one that some say isn't booming enough to meet all the demand. While mainframes may have the biggest problem, desktops aren't immune, even if they have been manufactured fairly recently. PCs manufactured in the past two years have exhibited some BIOS-related year 2000 problems. These are low-level instructions for the keyboard, monitor, and disk drives. Craig Luis, computer service manager at Linfield College in McMinnville, OR, said he just bought a logic board last November and it wasn't year 2000 compliant. To cope with this problem some are buying a millennium bug fix and detection tool as part of a Nuts & Bolts Deluxe utility suite for PCs (Ung, online, 1998). No individual, company, or country is immune because many computer programs are inter-linked and because there aren't enough engineers and programmers available to deal with it even if they knew where to look and what to do, according to the paper "The Year 2000 Computer Problem," put out by Action 2000. Industries in the United States, Canada, and Australia lead the pack in dealing with the problem, while Western Europe, South Africa, Japan, and other countries follow. Parts of Asia, central Africa, central South America, Mexico, Thailand, and other countries are behind even farther (Marcoccio, online, 1997). To cope with the situation, Europe has set up Action 2000 to coordinate public sector contingency planning so that public services such as telecommunications, health services, transport management systems, social security, and emergency services do not suffer major disruptions. The European Commission also is concerned because the need for programmers comes at a time when Europe is trying to change to one currency, and the workload may be too much for the available manpower to handle. Not only is there that problem, but the workload overseas has been hampered by extensive computerized preparations for the introduction of a single currency in 1992 (Bevins, online, 1998). It's not just mainframe computers that have the problem. Security alarms, credit card machines, elevators, and hundreds of other appliances with computer chips could fail, says U.S. Rep. Stephen Horn (The Year 2000 online, 1997). He says the U.S. government is only 20 percent ready. Although warnings are very clear, governments are slow to act. While the U.S. Senate has at least two bills in committee, the U.S. House of Representatives passed H.R. 3116 in February. The Examination Parity and Year 2000 Readiness for Financial Institutions Act requires federal financial regulatory agencies to